How do we characterize and control matter away-especially very far away-from equilibrium? How can we master energy and information on the nanoscale to create new technologies with capabilities rivaling those of living things? How do remarkable properties of matter emerge from complex correlations of the atomic or electronic constituents and how can we control these properties? How do we design and perfect atom- and energy-efficient synthesis of revolutionary new forms of matter with tailored properties? How do we control material processes at the level of electrons? ![]() The potential for truly transformational fundamental research aimed at understanding matter and energy at the electronic, atomic and molecular level was captured by the DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences in a set of five interrelated grand challenges for science and the imagination: Read more in the SLAC press release, Major Upgrade Will Boost Power of World’s Brightest X-ray Laser. In addition to the new accelerator, LCLS-II requires a number of other cutting-edge components, including a new electron source, a powerful cooling plant that produces refrigerant for the accelerator, and two new undulators to generate X-rays. LCLS-II will add a superconducting accelerator, occupying one-third of SLAC’s original 2-mile-long linear accelerator tunnel, which will generate an almost continuous X-ray laser beam. ![]() Image: Artist’s rendering of the planned cryoplant building that will house the refrigeration system for LCLS-II. At present, electrons are accelerated down a copper pipe that operates at room temperature and allows the generation of 120 X-ray laser pulses per second. But the way those electrons are accelerated will be quite different and give LCLS-II much different capabilities. The electrons fly through a series of magnets, called an undulator, which forces them to travel a zigzag path and give off energy in the form of X-rays. Both LCLS and LCLS-II will use electrons accelerated to nearly the speed of light to generate beams of extremely bright X-ray laser light. The new X-ray laser will work in parallel with the existing one. The unique capabilities of LCLS-II will yield a host of discoveries to advance technology, new energy solutions and our quality of life. This will enable researchers to perform experiments in a wide range of fields that are now impossible. LCLS-II will provide a major jump in capability – moving from 120 pulses per second to 1 million pulses per second. maintains a world-leading capability for advanced research in chemistry, materials, biology and energy. ![]() LCLS-II will build from the success of LCLS to ensure that the U.S. Its performance to date, over the first few years of operation, has already provided a breathtaking array of world-leading results, published in the most prestigious academic journals and has inspired other XFEL facilities to be commissioned around the world. ![]() Scientists use LCLS to take crisp pictures of atomic motions, watch chemical reactions unfold, probe the properties of materials and explore fundamental processes in living things. Its strobe-like pulses are just a few millionths of a billionth of a second long, and a billion times brighter than previous X-ray sources. Department of Energy (DOE), the LCLS is the world’s first hard X-ray free-electron laser. Responding to a call to build a revolutionary new X-ray laser, SLAC is developing an upgrade of its Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) that will be at the forefront of X-ray science.
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